Shigella wani nau'in kwayoyin cuta ne na gram-korau da ke haifar da shigellosis, wani nau'in gudawa mai tsanani wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa idan ba a kula da shi ba.Shigellosis wani babban abin damuwa ne ga lafiyar jama'a, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa masu rashin tsafta da tsafta.
Halin cutar Shigella yana da rikitarwa kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa da yawa, gami da ikon ƙwayoyin cuta don mamayewa da yin kwafi a cikin epithelium na hanji.Shigella kuma yana haifar da guba da yawa, ciki har da Shiga toxin da lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, wanda zai iya haifar da kumburi, lalacewar nama, da dysentery.
Alamomin shigellosis yawanci suna farawa da gudawa, zazzabi, da ciwon ciki.Zawo na iya zama mai ruwa ko na jini kuma yana iya kasancewa tare da gamsai ko maƙarƙashiya.A lokuta masu tsanani, shigellosis na iya haifar da rashin ruwa, rashin daidaituwa na electrolyte, har ma da mutuwa.
Watsawar Shigella na faruwa da farko ta hanyar fecal-baki, yawanci ta hanyar cinye gurɓataccen abinci ko ruwa ko saduwa da gurɓataccen saman ko abubuwa.Hakanan ana iya yada kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar saduwa da mutum-da-mutum, musamman a cikin cunkoson jama'a ko rashin tsafta.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, cututtukan Shigella sun ci gaba da haifar da babban kalubalen lafiyar jama'a a duniya.An sanar da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2022 game da adadin da ba a saba gani ba game da kamuwa da cutar sankarau (XDR) Shigella sonnei wadanda aka ruwaito a Burtaniya da Ireland ta Arewa da wasu kasashe da dama a yankin Turai tun daga lokacin. marigayi 2021. Ko da yake yawancin cututtuka tare da S. sonnei suna haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci na cututtuka da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, magungunan ƙwayoyi masu yawa (MDR) da kuma XDR shigellosis shine damuwa na lafiyar jama'a tun lokacin da zaɓuɓɓukan magani suna da iyakacin iyaka ga matsakaici zuwa lokuta masu tsanani.
Shigellosis yana da yawa a yawancin ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta ko matsakaicin kuɗi (LMICs) kuma shine babban abin da ke haifar da gudawa na jini a duniya.A kowace shekara, an yi kiyasin haifar da aƙalla miliyan 80 na kamuwa da gudawa na jini da mutuwar 700,000.Kusan duka (99%) Shigella cututtuka na faruwa a cikin LMICs, kuma mafi yawan lokuta (~ 70%), da kuma na mutuwa (~ 60%), suna faruwa a tsakanin yara da ba su wuce shekaru biyar ba.An kiyasta cewa <1% na lokuta ana kula da su a asibiti.
Bugu da ƙari, fitowar nau'in maganin rigakafi na Shigella ya zama damuwa mai girma, tare da yankuna da yawa suna ba da rahoton karuwar yawan juriya ga maganin rigakafi na yau da kullum da ake amfani da su don magance shigellosis.Yayin da ake kokarin inganta tsaftar tsafta da tsafta da kuma inganta yadda ake amfani da maganin rigakafi yadda ya kamata, ana bukatar ci gaba da taka-tsan-tsan da hadin gwiwa a tsakanin al’ummar duniya baki daya domin magance barazanar kamuwa da cutar Shigella.
Jiyya ga shigellosis yawanci ya ƙunshi maganin rigakafi, amma juriya ga maganin rigakafi da aka saba amfani da shi yana ƙara zama gama gari.Don haka matakan rigakafin kamar inganta tsaftar muhalli da tsaftar muhalli, tabbatar da amintattun abinci da hanyoyin ruwa, da inganta yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen shawo kan yaduwar Shigella da rage aukuwar shigellosis.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-15-2023