Salmonella aji ne na gram-korau enterobacteria a cikin iyali Enterobacteriaceae.A cikin 1880, Eberth ta fara gano Salmonella typhi.A cikin 1885, Salmon ya ware Salmonella kwalara a cikin aladu.A cikin 1988, Gartner ya ware Salmonella enteritidis daga marasa lafiya tare da m gastroenteritis.Kuma a 1900, ajin da ake kira Salmonella.
A halin yanzu, an rarraba abubuwan da ke haifar da guba na Salmonella a duniya kuma lamarin yana karuwa kowace shekara.
Hanyoyin cututtuka
Salmonella kwayar cuta ce ta Gram-korau tare da gajeriyar sanda, girman jiki (0.6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, duka biyun suna ƙarewa a hankali, wanda ba ya haifar da kwasfa da ciyayi.Tare da flagella, Salmonella yana motsa jiki.
Kwayar cutar ba ta da manyan buƙatu don abinci mai gina jiki, kuma al'adun keɓewa sau da yawa suna amfani da matsakaicin zaɓi na hanji.
A cikin broth, matsakaici ya zama turbid sa'an nan kuma hazo a cikin agar matsakaici bayan 24h shiryawa don samar da santsi, dan kadan dagagge, zagaye, translucent launin toka-fari kananan mazauna.Duba Figures 1-1 da 1-2.
Hoto 1-1 Salmonella karkashin na'ura mai kwakwalwa bayan tabo Gram
Hoto 2-3 Tsarin Halittar Halitta na Salmonella akan matsakaicin chromogenic
Siffofin annoba
Salmonella ya yadu a cikin yanayi, mutane da dabbobi kamar alade, shanu, dawakai, tumaki, kaji, agwagwa, geese, da dai sauransu su ne rundunarsa.
Wasu 'yan Salmonella suna da zaɓaɓɓun runduna, irin su Salmonella abortus a cikin dawakai, Salmonella abortus a cikin shanu, da Salmonella abortus a cikin tumaki suna haifar da zubar da ciki a cikin dawakai, shanu, da tumaki bi da bi;Salmonella typhimurium kawai yana kai hari ga aladu;sauran Salmonella ba ya buƙatar maƙiyi masu tsaka-tsaki, kuma ana samun sauƙin yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi da dabbobi, dabbobi da mutane, da mutane ta hanyoyi kai tsaye ko kai tsaye.
Babban hanyar yada Salmonella ita ce hanyar narkewar abinci, kuma qwai, kaji, da kayan nama sune manyan cututtukan salmonellosis.
Kwayar cutar Salmonella a cikin mutane da dabbobi na iya zama asymptomatic tare da kwayoyin cuta ko kuma yana iya bayyana a matsayin cuta mai mutuwa tare da alamun asibiti, wanda zai iya tsananta yanayin cutar, ƙara yawan mutuwa ko rage yawan haifuwa na dabba.
Kwayar cutar Salmonella ya dogara ne akan nau'in Salmonella da yanayin jikin mutum yana cinye shi.Salmonella kwalara ita ce mafi yawan cututtuka a cikin aladu, sai kuma Salmonella typhimurium, sannan Salmonella duck ba shi da cututtuka;waɗanda suka fi fuskantar barazanar yara, tsofaffi, da waɗanda ba su da isasshen rigakafi, har ma da ƙarancin yawa ko ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da gubar abinci har ma da alamun asibiti masu tsanani.
Hatsari
Salmonella shine mafi mahimmancin ƙwayoyin cuta na zoonotic a cikin dangin Enterobacteriaceae kuma yana da mafi girman abin da ya faru na gubar abinci.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka sun ba da rahoton cewa, Salmonella ne ke da alhakin 33 daga cikin 84 abubuwan guba na ƙwayoyin cuta da suka faru a Amurka a cikin 1973, wanda ya kasance mafi yawan adadin guba na abinci tare da guba 2,045.
Rahoton shekara-shekara na 2018 game da halaye da tushen zoonoses da Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai da Cibiyar Kariya da Kula da Cututtuka ta Turai ta buga ya nuna cewa kusan 1/3 na barkewar cututtukan abinci a cikin EU na haifar da Salmonella kuma salmonellosis shine na biyu mafi girma. akai-akai rahoton kamuwa da cutar hanji na ɗan adam a cikin EU (lambobi 91,857 da aka ruwaito), bayan campylobacteriosis (lauka 246,571).Guba abinci na Salmonella yana da fiye da kashi 40% na gubar abinci na ƙwayoyin cuta a wasu ƙasashe.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a duniya na gubar abinci na salmonella ya faru a 1953 lokacin da mutane 7,717 suka mutu kuma 90 sun mutu a Sweden saboda cin naman alade da aka gurbata da S. typhimurium.
Salmonella yana da muni, kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum yadda za a hana kamuwa da cuta da yada shi?
1.Karfafa tsaftar abinci da sarrafa kayan abinci.Hana nama, kwai, da madara daga gurɓata lokacin ajiya.Kada ku ci danyen nama, kifi, da kwai.Kada ku ci naman mara lafiya ko matattun kaji ko na gida.
2.Tunda kwari, kyankyasai da berayen sune tsaka-tsaki don watsa Salmonella.Don haka, ya kamata mu yi aiki mai kyau na kawar da kuda, beraye, da kyankyasai don hana gurɓatar abinci.
3.Canja munanan halaye na cin abinci da halaye na rayuwa don inganta garkuwar jikin ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-03-2023