Kwayoyin cutar mura na Avian (AIV) rukuni ne na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda galibi suna cutar da tsuntsaye, amma kuma suna iya cutar da mutane da sauran dabbobi.Ana yawan samun kwayar cutar a cikin tsuntsayen ruwa na daji, irin su agwagi da geese, amma kuma tana iya shafar tsuntsayen gida kamar kaji, turkeys, da quails.Kwayar cutar na iya yaduwa ta hanyar numfashi da tsarin narkewar abinci kuma ta haifar da rashin lafiya mai sauƙi zuwa ga tsuntsaye.
Akwai nau'o'in kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye da dama, wasu daga cikinsu sun haifar da barkewar cututtuka a cikin tsuntsaye da mutane.Daya daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan shine H5N1, wanda aka fara gano a cikin mutane a cikin 1997 a Hong Kong.Tun daga wannan lokacin, H5N1 ya haifar da barkewar annoba da yawa a cikin tsuntsaye da mutane a Asiya, Turai, da Afirka, kuma ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane ɗari da yawa.
Tsakanin 23 ga Disamba 2022 zuwa 5 ga Janairu 2023, ba a sami rahoton kamuwa da cutar ɗan adam da cutar murar Avian A(H5N1) ga WHO a yammacin yankin Pacific. Ya zuwa 5 ga Janairu 2023, jimillar mutane 240 sun kamu da cutar ta ɗan adam tare da mura. Kwayar cutar A(H5N1) ta kasance
an ruwaito daga ƙasashe huɗu a cikin Yankin Yammacin Pacific tun daga Janairu 2003 (Table 1).Daga cikin waɗannan lamuran, 135 sun mutu, wanda ya haifar da adadin masu mutuwa (CFR) na 56%.An bayar da rahoton bullar cutar ta karshe daga kasar Sin, tare da fara ranar 22 ga Satumba 2022 kuma ta mutu a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2022. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka samu bullar cutar murar tsuntsaye A(H5N1) daga kasar Sin tun shekarar 2015.
Wani nau'in kwayar cutar mura mai suna H7N9, an fara gano shi a cikin mutane a kasar Sin a cikin 2013. Kamar H5N1, H7N9 da farko yana cutar da tsuntsaye, amma kuma yana iya haifar da rashin lafiya ga mutane.Tun lokacin da aka gano shi, H7N9 ya haifar da barkewar cutar a China da yawa, wanda ya haifar da ɗaruruwan kamuwa da cuta da mutuwar mutane.
Kwayar cutar mura tana damuwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam saboda dalilai da yawa.Na farko, kwayar cutar na iya canzawa kuma ta dace da sabbin runduna, tana kara haɗarin cutar.Idan nau'in kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye ta zama mai saurin yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum, zai iya haifar da barkewar cututtuka a duniya.Na biyu, kwayar cutar na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da mutuwa a cikin mutane.Duk da yake mafi yawan lokuta na ɗan adam na kwayar cutar murar Avian sun kasance masu laushi ko asymptomatic, wasu nau'in kwayar cutar na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani na numfashi, gazawar gabbai, da mutuwa.
Rigakafi da sarrafa kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye ta ƙunshi matakan da suka haɗa da sa ido kan yawan tsuntsaye, kashe tsuntsaye masu kamuwa da cutar, da allurar rigakafin tsuntsaye.Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke aiki da tsuntsaye ko masu sarrafa kayan kiwon kaji su kasance da tsabta, kamar wanke hannayensu akai-akai da kuma sanya tufafin kariya.
A yayin da kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye ta barke, yana da kyau jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a su dauki matakin gaggawa don dakile yaduwar cutar.Wannan na iya haɗawa da keɓe masu kamuwa da cutar da abokan hulɗarsu, samar da magungunan rigakafin cutar, da aiwatar da matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a kamar rufe makarantu da soke taron jama'a.
A ƙarshe, ƙwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye ta kasance babbar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam saboda yuwuwarta na haifar da annoba a duniya da kuma rashin lafiya mai tsanani ga ɗan adam.Yayin da ake kokarin yin rigakafi da dakile yaduwar cutar, ci gaba da yin taka tsantsan da bincike ya zama dole don rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar da kuma kare lafiyar jama'a.
Source:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365675/AI-20230106.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-15-2023